Triacetone triperoxide (TATP) is a powerful, homemade explosive (HME) also known as "Mother of Satan" or acetone peroxide. It is synthesized from common household chemicals—acetone, hydrogen peroxide, and an acid—making it a preferred choice for terrorists due to its low cost, ease of production, and lack of nitrogen, which historically made it undetectable by standard explosive detectors.

Chemical Properties: TATP (C₉H₁₈O₆, molecular mass 222.24 g/mol) is a white crystalline solid with a fruity or acetone-like odor when pure, though older samples may smell like vinegar. It is highly sensitive to impact, friction, heat, static electricity, and shock, and can detonate at temperatures as low as 50 °C if contaminated with sulfuric acid.

Explosive Power: TATP is a primary explosive with an energy output of about 83% that of TNT, detonating at velocities up to 5,300 m/s. It produces high pressure (80 kbar) and temperatures (2,300 K) upon detonation.
Detection and Forensics: TATP is difficult to detect due to its lack of nitrogen and volatility. Recent advances include high-sensitivity detection using quantum cascade laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (QCL-PAS) and passive sampling techniques (PDMS rods, activated carbon tubes) combined with GC-MS or GC-PCI-MS/MS for on-site and lab analysis.

Security Threats: TATP has been used in numerous terrorist attacks since the 1980s, including the 2015 Paris attacks, 2016 Brussels bombings, 2017 Manchester Arena bombing, and 2018 Surabaya church attacks. Its use in suicide bombers and IEDs remains a persistent global threat.

Handling and Safety: TATP is extremely hazardous to handle. Even small quantities (1 g) can cause severe injury. It can recrystallize inside sealed containers, making them dangerous to open. Proper containment and professional bomb squad intervention are essential.

Due to its instability and danger, TATP should never be handled by untrained personnel. First responders are advised to establish standoff distances, evacuate areas, and contact bomb squads immediately upon encountering suspicious materials or signs of synthesis.